A precedence graph is a directed acyclic graph whose nodes corresponds to individual statements. An edge from to , implies that statement can only be executed after statement has completed execution. In the above diagram following precedence relation is shown: S2 and S3 can be executed only after S1 has finished execution. S4 can be … Read more
A scheduling algorithms like round-robin treat all processes as same. But if we consider other information about a process, some process is more important than the other. This is the motivation behind priority scheduling. Each process carries a priority and process with the highest priority will be allocated CPU time. Since there is a chance … Read more
The shortest job first algorithm associates the length of the next CPU burst with each process. The CPU time is assigned to a process with the smallest next CPU burst time. Gantt Chart for SJF If there are two processes with the same next CPU burst time, then FCFS algorithm is applied to them. Consider … Read more
The round-robin scheduling algorithm is suitable for time-sharing computers which are similar to FCFS. However, preemption is added to this algorithm to switch between processes. A time slice is defined called time quantum which is typically 10 to 100 milliseconds. The processes are allocated CPU time up to 1-time quantum. Then the process is preempted … Read more
The first come first served (FCFS) is the simplest CPU-scheduling algorithm. The process which requests CPU first will be allocated CPU first and so on. The process enters the ready queue and its PCB is linked to the tail of the queue. When the CPU is free, it is assigned a new process from the … Read more
The multi-programming technique wants high CPU utilization by executing some process all the time. The time-sharing computer keeps switching among processes so that all users can interact with their running programs. A process scheduler does the selection of processes for execution on CPU. But there are challenges in multi-programming, if a process has to wait … Read more
The single processor system, one process runs, and other processes wait until CPU is free. In a multiprocessor system, some process always runs and thus increases the CPU utilization. If a process is waiting for the completion of some task, or I/O request, the CPU remains idle. To stop wasting CPU time, the CPU switch … Read more
In this article, you will learn another popular method of interprocess communication called message passing. You will learn different techniques and characteristics of message passing. Message Passing The cooperating processes can communicate with the help of a message passing facility. There are different ways communication happens: Between same threads of a process. Between processes on … Read more
Interprocess communication is necessary to share information between two or more processes. This is how a process cooperates with other processes. In this article, you will learn about one of the two popular models of IPC, which is Shared-memory system. IPC Models A process is independent if no affecting or be affected by other processes … Read more
The Win32 threads are implemented in the kernel space of Windows OS. The multi-threaded applications can use the Win32 API library similar to Pthread library. We must include Windows.h header file while using win32 API. In the example program below, similar to Pthread – Sum is shared between threads and is the global variable of … Read more
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