The C programming language allows drawing graphic shapes such as lines, rectangle, circles and so on. In this article, you will learn to write a program that draws a line on the console.This program is written using turbo C++ compiler installed on a windows 7 64-bit PC.Problem DefinitionThe program uses the C graphic header files … Read more
The directory have a logical structure that defines how files are organized inside the directory. There are many organizing schemes such as single level, two level, tree structure, and acyclic-graph structure. In this article, you will learn about various logical directory structures and need for them.Single Level DirectoryIt is the simplest directory structure with all … Read more
Files are stored on random-access storage devices including hard disks, optical disks, and solid-state disks. The storage device can entirely be used as a file system or divided into many partitions. Each partition may or may not have a different file system.Storage devices are collected into RAID sets, that provides high availability and fault tolerance … Read more
The information stored in a file must be accessed and read into memory. Though there are many ways to access a file, some system provides only one method, other systems provide many methods, out of which you must choose the right one for the application.Sequential Access MethodIn this method, the information in the file is … Read more
The operating system should support the file system. If the OS does not recognize a file type then any operation on the file will not be successful. The files are given an extension to indicate the type of file separated by a period or a dot.For example, finance.java – A java program source code file. … Read more
To a user, the file is the smallest unit of storage on a computer system. The user performs file operations such as open, close, read, write and modify. They can create or delete files from the system. In this article, you will learn the basics of file and file system.File ConceptComputer store information in storage … Read more
Paging allows the physical address space of a process to be non-contiguous. It avoids the external fragmentation and there is no need for compaction.Fragmentation problem affects the backing store (disk) of the main memory where processes are swapped in or out. The compaction is not possible due to the slow access speed of the backing … Read more
The contiguous memory allocation uses memory partitions to allocate memory. These partitions could be fixed or variable size partitions allocated according to first fit, best fit, or wort fit method. The memory fragmentation is a common problem that affects these partition memory allocation system.Contiguous MemoryContiguous memory allocation is a method of allocating memory to OS … Read more
To run a process, the entire process and its data must be in physical memory. Thus, the size of a process is limited to the size of physical memory. The dynamic loading and linking are run-time operations.Dynamic LoadingThe dynamic binding is a method to obtain better memory-space utilization. A routine is not loaded until it … Read more
The memory binding could be static or dynamic. In dynamic binding system, user-generated virtual addresses are mapped to physical addresses. This leads to better memory utilization.The address generated by CPU is called a logical address, and the address seen by the memory unit is called a physical address. The physical address is loaded into the … Read more
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