C++ Bit Format Flags

The C++ bit format flags changes the characteristics of .The flags hold the current setting for the . We can turn the flags on or off using built-in function such as or . Changing the behavior of the object is useful in displaying output only after bit level manipulation.

Here is the list of flags available in C++ .

setf() function

The function sets the bit format flags. It takes the flag name as the argument. The syntax to use this function is given below.

setf(ios::<flag_name>);

You can use bitwise or operator to set more than one field.

setf(ios::<field1>| ios::<field2> | ios::<field3>);

unsetf() function

The function unsets the bit format flag for object. The general syntax to use this function is given below.

unsetf(ios::<flag_name>);

Example #1 : skipws

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//using skipws function
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    //Variable declaration
    
    char animal_name[100];
       
    //Reading values
    
    cout << "Enter an animal name:";
    cin >> skipws;
    cin >> animal_name;
    
    //printing output 
    
    cout << "Number = " << animal_name << endl;
    
    system("PAUSE");
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

Output:

Enter an animal name:bengal tiger
Number = bengal

Example #2 : right, left, internal and adjustfield

/* Demo of adjustfield, left,right and internal bit format */
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    //variable declaration
    int number1, number2, number3;
    
    //variable initialization
    
    number1 = 100;
    number2 = 230;
    number3 = 436;
    
    //using adjustfield and other bit formats
    
    cout.setf(ios::showpos);
    cout.setf(ios::left,ios::adjustfield);
    cout.width(10);
    cout << number1 << endl;
    
    cout.setf(ios::right,ios::adjustfield);
    cout.width(10);
    cout << number2 << endl;
    
    cout.setf(ios::internal,ios::adjustfield);
    cout.width(10);
    cout << number3 << endl;
    
    
    system("PAUSE");
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

Output:

+100
      +230
+      436 

Example #3 : dec, hex, oct, and showbase

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    //Variable declaration
    
    int amount;
    
    //Variable initialization
    
    amount = 564;
    
    //Converting base using showbase, hex, oct and dec
    
    cout.setf(ios::showbase);
    cout.setf(ios::hex,ios::basefield);
    cout << "Hexadecimal =" << amount << endl;
    
    cout.setf(ios::oct,ios::basefield);
    cout << "Octal =" << amount << endl;
    
    cout.setf(ios::dec,ios::basefield);
    cout << "Decimal =" << amount << endl;
    
    system("PAUSE");
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

Output:

Hexadecimal =0x234
Octal =01064
Decimal =564

Example #4 : scientific, fixed, showpoint and floatfield

/* Demo of all floating point format flags - 
floatpoint, showpoint, scientific, fixed 
*/
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ 
    //variable declaration
    
    float pi;
    float radius;
    float area;
    
    //variable initializtiom
    
    pi = 3.14159;
    radius = 2.23;
    area = 0.0;
    
    area = pi * (radius * radius);
    
    // printing result using bit format flags
   
    cout.setf(ios::showpoint);
    cout.precision(3);
    cout.setf(ios::scientific,ios::floatfield);
    cout << "Pi=" << pi << endl;
    cout << "Radius=" << radius << endl;
    cout << "Area=" << area << endl;
    
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout.setf(ios::fixed,ios::floatfield);
    cout << "Pi(fixed)=" << pi << endl;
    cout << "Radius(fixed)=" << radius << endl;
    cout << "Area(fixed)=" << area << endl;
    
    system("PAUSE");
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

Output:

Pi=3.142e+000
Radius=2.230e+000
Area=1.562e+001
Pi(fixed)=3.142
Radius(fixed)=2.230
Area(fixed)=15.623