C++

A while loop is another kind of loop control structure. The loop has initial condition and a test condition to pass before the actual loop body starts. The loop is incremented or decremented inside of the loop body. The general structure of while loop is given below. The initial expression is a simple assignment where … Read more

The switch-case statements are similar to if-else-if construct – a multiple decision maker. It allows you to choose a constant (a switch) that matches with a case (constant) and executes all statements that follow the matched case. The main difference between if-else-if construct and switch-case is that the if-else-if uses multiple conditions at each level. … Read more

The if-else statement is a conditional statement with an optional else. The if statement executes a block of statements is the condition is true, but does not do anything when condition is false. The if-else block contains code for both true and false conditions. Each of the block in if-else construct will be enclosed using … Read more

The C++ If statement is a conditional statement. The program executes a block of code only if condition is satisfied or true. This changes the flow of C++ program. The program executes only required blocks and ignore others. There are two ways to write an if statement. With curly braces Write without curly braces( { … Read more

The C++ bit format flags changes the characteristics of .The flags hold the current setting for the . We can turn the flags on or off using built-in function such as or . Changing the behavior of the object is useful in displaying output only after bit level manipulation. Here is the list of flags … Read more

The C++ manipulators are stream functions that modify the characteristics of input and output stream. It is used for formating the input and output stream by changing format flags and values for the stream. The list of manipulator function is located in header file. You need to include this header to use the manipulator functions … Read more

In C language, the input and output operations are performed using built-in library functions such as printf() and scanf(). But, C++ uses a new method of standard input and output called I/O stream. A stream is a  bytes of characters from memory to display on screen or read from the keyboard to the computer memory. … Read more

Earlier you learned about C++ program structure. In this article, you will learn to write about your first C++ program and program elements in detail. The meat of the C++ is in main function, and before main we need to declare the header files. Simple C++ Program Let us consider an example program and then … Read more

The unary operators take a single argument in C++ language. Some of the operators you have already seen in previous articles are unary operators. Here is the list of unary operators. Unary Operators Description * Dereference operator & Address Of operator – Minus sign ! Not  operator ~ Complement ++ Increment operator — Decrement operator … Read more

Most high-level language does not allow a bitwise operation because it is a machine level task. The bit is manipulated in memory to get the desired results using bitwise operators. The list of bitwise operators are as follows Bitwise Operators Description & Bitwise AND | Bitwise OR ^ Bitwise XOR << Bitwise left shift >> … Read more