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C++ Assignment Operators

    Table of Contents

    The assignment operators assign new values to the variable. The variable may already be holding a value ,but the assignment will change the current value to a new one.

    It can appear anywhere within an expression, with the sole purpose of assigning the right-hand-side (RHS) value to the left-hand-side (LHS) value.

    Here is the list of valid assignment operators.

    Assignment OperatorDescription
    =LHS is assigned RHS.
    +=LHS is added to RHS and then assigned to LHS again.
    -=LHS is subtracted to RHS and then assigned to LHS again.
    *=LHS is multiplied to RHS and assigned to LHS again.
    /=LHS is divided to RHS and assigned back to LHS again.
    %=LHS is assigned a remainder value after division between LHS and RHS.
    >>=Right shift and then LHS is assigned a value.
    <<=Left shift and then LHS is assigned a value.
    &=Perform bitwise AND and assign to LHS.
    |=Perform bitwise OR and assign to LHS.
    ~=Perform complement and assign to LHS.
    Table 1 – Assignment Operators in C++

    Example Program

    In the following example, we will perform all types of assignments and view the results.

    #include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    // Variable Declarations
    
    int number1, number2, number3;
    
    
    //Variable initialization uses Assignment Operators
    
    number1 = 23;
    number2 = 34;
    number3 = 12;
    
    cout << "Number1 =" << number1 << endl;
    cout << "Number2 =" << number2 << endl;
    cout << "Number3 =" << number3 << endl;
    
    
    //This is equal to number1 = number1 + 3
    
    number1 += 3; 
    cout << "(Number1 += 3)Equation=" << number1 << endl;
    
    //This is equal to number2 = number2 - 1
    
    number2 -= 1;
    cout << "(Number2 -= 1)Equation=" << number2 << endl;
    
    //This is equal to number3 = number3 * 2
    
    number3 *= 2;
    cout << "(Number3 *= 2)Equation=" << number3 << endl;
    
    //This is equal to number1 = number1 / 2
    
    number1 /= 2;
    cout << "(Number1 /= 2)Equation=" << number1 << endl;
    
    //This is equal to number2 = number2 % 5
    
    number2 % 5;
    cout << "(Number2 %= 5)Equation=" << number2 << endl;
    
    /* Assignment Operators with Shift Operators */
    
    
    number1 = number1 >> 1;
    cout << "(Number1 >>= 1)Equation=" << number1 << endl;
    
    number2 = number2 << 1;
    cout << "(Number2 <<= 1)Equation=" << number2 << endl;
    
    /* Assignment Operators with Logical Operators */
    
    number1 = number1 & 2;
    cout << "(Number1 &= 2)Equation=" << number1 << endl;
    
    number3 = number3 | 5;
    cout << "(Number3 |= 5) Equation=" << number3 << endl;
    
    number2 = ~number2;
    cout << "(Number2 ~= Number2) Equation=" << number2 << endl;
    
    system("PAUSE");
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

    Output:

    Number1 =23
Number2 =34
Number3 =12
(Number1 += 3) Equation=26
(Number2 -= 1) Equation=33
(Number3 *= 2) Equation=24
(Number1 /= 2) Equation=13
(Number2 %= 5) Equation=33
(Number1 >>= 1) Equation=6
(Number2 <<= 1) Equation=66
(Number1 &= 2) Equation=2
(Number3 |= 5) Equation=29
(Number2 ~= Number2) Equation=-67
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